Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a third way cognitive behavioural therapy which was developed by Steven Hayes. ACT is a scientific approach that is related to radical behaviourism and centred on Relational Frame Theory (RFT) which is a theory of language and cognition. ACT aims to weaken the hold of the literal language content of cognition to reduce the avoidance behaviour and create a new context in which behavior is more consistent with client’s values (Villatte, 2015; as cited in Gordon, 2017; Hayes, 2004).
Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT)
Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) was developed by Paul Gilbert for people who have chronic mental health disorders associated with shame and self-criticism and have difficulties spawning self supporting internal monologue during traditional therapies. Origins of CFT can be traced back to neuroscience, social, and evolutionary psychology. It also takes inspiration from Buddhism (Gilbert 2010; Leaviss & Uttley, 2015).
Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), which combines Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) methods with mindfulness trainings, was developed to prevent depression relapse. It is applied during remission in depression. It teaches clients how to identify their cognitive-affective-behavioural patterns. Body scan, sitting practice, 3-minute breathing space are its core mindfulness practices (Baer, 2014).
MBCT is usually consisted of weekly 2 and a half hours sessions or an all-day long silent retreat, lasting for 8 weeks and conducted in group settings with no more than 12 participants. TRIP (Theme, Rationale, Intention, & Practice Skills) is used in each session (Woods, Rockman, & Collins, 2019).
References
Baer, R. A. (Ed.). (2014). Mindfulness-based treatment approaches : Clinician’s guide to evidence base and applications. Elsevier Science & Technology.
Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy : Distinctive features. Taylor & Francis Group.
Gordon, T., Borushok, J., & Polk, K. (2017). The act approach : A comprehensive guide for acceptance and commitment therapy. PESI.
Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35, 639-665.
Leaviss, J., Uttley L. (2015). Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: an early systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 45, 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002141
Villatte, M., Villatte, J. L., & Hayes, S. C. (2015). Mastering the clinical conversation: Language as intervention. Guilford Press.
Woods, S. L., Rockman, P., & Collins, E. (2019). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy : Embodied presence and inquiry in practice. Context Press.
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